Physical and Mental Health

  • Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI): The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) consists of 21 items with a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3 and raw scores ranging from 0 to 63. The questions used in this measure ask about common symptoms of anxiety that the subject has had during the past week (including the day you take it) (such as numbness and tingling, sweating not due to heat, and fear of the worst happening). It is designed for individuals who are of 17 years of age or older and takes 5 to 10 minutes to complete.
    • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893.
  • Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI): The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. It is composed of items relating to symptoms of depression such as hopelessness and irritability, cognitions such as guilt or feelings of being punished, as well as physical symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex.
    • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of general psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.
  • Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is an effective instrument used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep in adults. It differentiates “poor” from “good” sleep quality by measuring seven areas (components): subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medications, and daytime dysfunction over the last month.
    • Bysse, D. J., Reynolds III, C. F., & Monk, T. H. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): a new instrument for psychiatric research and practice. Psychiatry Res, 28, 193-213.
  • Substance Use: This scale is comprised of two components: First, a 95-item self-report inventory that assesses the lifetime and six month drug and alcohol use and abuse.  Two subscales are computed:  substance use,  and social consequences and dependency.  Second, the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist is a 10-item dichotomously (yes/no) scored theory-based measure of the extent to which one feels a loss of autonomy over their nicotine use.
    • Adapted from: Chassin, L., Rogosch, F., & Barrera, M. (1991).  Substance use and symptomatology among adolescent children of alcoholics.  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 449-463.
    •  DeLucia, C., Belz, A., & Chassin, L. (2001).  Do adolescent symptomatology and family environment vary over time with fluctuations in paternal alcohol impairment?  Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 207-216. 
    •  DiFranza, J. R., Savageau, J. A., Rigotti, N. A., Fletcher, K., Ockene, J. K., McNeill, A. D., et al. (2002). Development of symptoms of tobacco dependence in youth: 30 month follow up data from the DANDY study. Tobacco Control, 11, 228-235.
  • Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS): A 17-item scale that assesses multiple facets of anxiety and depression in youth.
    • Adapted from: Chorpita, B.F., & Daleiden, E. L. (2000). Properties of the childhood anxiety sensitivity index in children with anxiety disorders: autonomic and nonautonomic factors, Behavior Therapy, 31, 327–349.
  • Sexual Behavior and Orientation: This scale includes 9 items that address behavior that would put one at risk for contracting an STI (unprotected sex, sharing needles).  Two additional items ask about sexual contact with members of the same sex and sexual orientation.
    • Compiled for Crossroads based on a review of existing measures.
  • Health Care Utilization: 20 items that ask about receipt and frequency of medical services, including doctors visits and ER visits.
    • Compiled for Crossroads based on a review of existing measures.