The discovery of genetics by Gregor Mendel relied on experiment, and the discovery of evolution by Charles Darwin was based on reasonable arguments, until the discovery of a true mathematical or chemical basis for both in the discoveries of the genome and of its makeup in DNA. The fact that every cell in a being contains an identical code, the genome, that labels a unique being, and that that code is based on a set of 20 amino acids, which themselves are based on a sequences of three chemical bonds, is the revolution of the mathematical underpinnings of the basis of genetics and evolution. Human genomes contain 3 billion base pairs and 20,000-25,000 protein coding genes. The fact that we are now determining the genetic codes of 1.7 million people a year is incredible, and leading to big data discoveries of the causes of physical maladies, and drugs that can cure them. So it is not just physics or chemistry in which there is an amazing ability of math to formulate nature, but in the fundamentals of describing life and us.
It’s interesting to speculate on lifeforms that originate elsewhere in the universe, that they must also be based on a form of life with a mathematical chemical code as a basis, and one that provides a variety of lifeforms and allows for evolution, perhaps to intelligent life able and willing to communicate with those on other planets. As such, we might figure out more about which life forms are possible and their goals if we could understand what are the goals to which evolution and genetics are directed toward on earth. This really gets into the subjects of evolution, philosophy, religion, and the construction of societies.
Another phenomenon of biology, chemistry, and mathematics is the fact that there are a hundred areas of human biological function that are controlled by biological clocks, linked and controlled by hormones. These are all geared together, in 20% of our cells, and include such functions as digestion and sleep.
Perhaps we will find some mathematical and chemical processes that underly the processing of the brain, and apply to its various regions and functions, which will simplify our understanding of the brain. The combined effects of learning, repetition and sleep may also have a mathematical and chemical basis.
