- Agapius
- al-Nabigha al-Dhubyani (c. 600)
- al-Tha‘alibi
- al-Aʿshā (d. after 625)
- al-Samʿānī
- al-ʿUmānī
- al-Buḥturī (821–97)
- al-Kindī
- al-Muqaddasi (ca. 945-1000)
- al-Biruni
- al-Hamdani (893-945?)
- al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (d. 1071)
- al-Ya‘qubi (fl. later 9th cent.)
- al-Bukhari (d. 870 CE)
- al-Jahiz (d. 868)
- al-Tabari (d. 923)
- Ibn Mufarrigh al-Himyari (d. 688)
- Ibn al-Muqqaffa’ (died around 760)
- Ibn Hawaqal (d. 972)
- Ibn Rusta (c. 900 CE)
- Ibn Sirin (c. 729)
- Ibn Mishawayh/Miskawayh
- Ibn al-Balkhī
- Ibn Ṭabāṭabā (ca. 815)
- Ibn Durayd (837-933)
- Ibn Hišam
- Ibn Zabala
- Ibn Khurradādhbih
- Ibn al-Ḥajjāj
- Ibn Isfandiyar
- Ibn Muqaffa’ (ca. 756)
- Ibn Qutayba
- Ibn al-Faqīh (ca. 903)
- Ibn al-Kalbī (708-770?)
- Bashshar Ibn Burd (724-ca. 785)
- Abu’l-Qasim
- Abū Nuwās (747/762–815)
- Abū Tammām (d. 846)
- Dinawari (d. 894/903)
- Abū Bakr Ibn Dāwūd (d. 909)
- Abū Dolaf al-Yanbūʿī
- Abu al-Hasan al-Māwardī (972–1058 CE)
- Istakhri (ca. 951)
- Balami
- Tusi
- Nuzhatu-i Qulub
- Ḥamza al-Iṣfahānī (d. after 961)
- Hanzala Badghisi (d. 835?)
- Muhammad ibn Jafar Narshaki (ca. 899–959)
Unknown authors: