Valiran

Valiran archaeological site is located on a rocky hill dating back to the Parthian and Sasanian periods. The excavation around the historical site resulted in 12 pits measuring 1×2 meters, with depths of one to three meters. The main area of the site spans 3,500 square meters and is situated on the protrusion of the Mahooreh hills, east of the Damavand River. While the most recent layer is from a Sassanian-era castle, the oldest layers belong to the Parthian cemetery. Sasanian architectural remains are found in the western part of the site. There are regular architectural spaces consisting of many rectangular residential rooms. These spaces include the foundation of the wall, multiple floors, and storage warehouses in the form of circular pits. The main wall of the rooms is 90 cm wide, and the other walls are smaller, measuring 60-70 cm in width. The foundations of the walls are made of river rubble with mud, and the walls are layered with bricks. From this period, three coins belonging to Khosrow II and three pieces of ostraca or pottery written in Middle Persian were discovered, as well as beads made of agate stone, glass, and natural bitumen. One notable find is a seal made of iron ore; on one side of which is an image of an animal. Among other finds are many pieces of clay pots used for storing food and kitchen utensils. During the excavations, jewelry and a ceramic rhyton were found in the Parthian layers.  Additionally, the Parthian silver coins range from those of Artabanus II, Mithridates II, Orodes I, and Sinatruces.

• Nemati, Mohammad Reza and Ali Sadraei. “Parthian Rhythons from Velirān.” Iranica Antiqua 45 (2010): 305-319. (Link)
  
  
• Nemati, Mohammad Reza and Ali Sadraei. “A Study on the Parthian Burial Traditions at Veliran Cemetery in Damavand, Iran.” Journal of Archaeological Studies 4, 2 (2013): 103-121. (PDF)
  
  
• Nemati, Mohammad Reza, and Rezaeinia, Abbas Ali. “The innovative architecture of Sassanid period in Damavand region.” Iranian Architectural Studies 8, 16 (2018): 47-60. (PDF)
  
  
• Nemati, Mohammad Reza, Fariba Sharifian and Ali Sadraei. “Study and Analysis of Coins Uncovered from Veliran, Damavand.” Archaeological researches of Iran 9, 21 (2018): 115-129.  (PDF)
  
  
• Khademi Nadushan, Farhang, Tahereh Azizipour and Reza Shabani. “The Examination of the Flora and Fauna of Valiran Area in Damavand during the Arsacid Era Based on Paleodietary Data.” Modares, Humanities Journal 62 (2009): 73-90. (PDF)
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