PCOS it’s Good to Know
What is PCOS?
PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome, is a common chronic disease that unfortunately impacts roughly 6-12% of US women. This disease typically happens during the reproductive years where small sacs of fluid called cysts develop on the outer edge of the ovary. The cysts contain immature eggs called follicles that fail to release eggs regularly.
Cause
Unfortunately, the exact cause of PCOS is unknown but there are a few factors that might play a role in this diagnosis such as:
- Insulin resistance
- Low-grade inflammation
- Genetics
- Excessive amounts of androgen
Symptoms
Though the exact cause isn’t known, there are symptoms that you can watch out for. Early diagnosis and treatment is key to prevent long term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
People suffering from PCOS may experience:
- Irregular periods
- Excessive amounts of androgen
- Polycystic ovaries
Complications
PCOS can be a debilitating condition with a multitude of compilations such as:
- Infertility
- Gestational diabetes
- Miscarriage
- Premature birth
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Metabolic syndrome
- Type 2 diabetes
- Sleep apnea
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Eating disorders
- Endometrial cancer
Diagnosis
Due to the many uncertainties around PCOS, there isn’t one specific test to diagnose someone with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, your healthcare provider should open a discussion around your symptoms, medication, pre existing medical conditions, menstrual periods, and weight changes. Additionally, there might also be a physical examination.
Afterwords, you may undergo:
- Pelvic exam
- Blood tests
- Ultrasound
Treatment
Luckily, there are treatment options available to navigate through PCOS that focuses on management such as:
- Lifestyle changes like low calorie diets and regular exercise
- Medication to regulate your periods such as birth control pills or progestin therapy
- Medications to help you ovulate for pregnancy
- Medications and treatments to reduce excessive hair growth and improve acne
Sources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-20353439